Integrated Water Vapor during Rain and Rain-Free Conditions above the Swiss Plateau

Water vapor column density, or vertically-integrated water (IWV), is monitored by ground-based microwave radiometers (MWR) and receivers of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). For rain periods, retrieval IWV from GNSS Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) neglects atmospheric propagation delay signal droplets. Similarly, it difficult for dual-frequency single-polarisation to separate emission cloud droplets rather strong rain. radiometry at Bern (Switzerland), we take approach that during derived linearly interpolated opacities before after period. The intermittent periods often appear as spikes in time series integrated liquid (ILW) are indicated ILW ? 0.4 mm. In present study, assume measurements radiosondes not affected We intercompare climatologies IWV(rain), IWV(no rain), IWV(all) obtained radiosonde, atmosphere sounding, MWR, ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5) Payerne Switzerland. all seasons, IWV(rain) 3.75 5.94 mm greater than rain). mean differences between radiosonde less 0.26 datasets show a better agreement Bern. However, MWR agrees with within 0.41 0.02 Using gauge Payerne, find increases increase precipitation rate summer well winter. above Swiss Plateau quite estimated though standard retrievals limited hampered periods.